Stomach

 The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper left part of the abdomen. It is an important part of the digestive system and helps break down food before it passes into the small intestine.

Main functions of the stomach

Stores food after swallowing.

Mixes food with stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) and digestive enzymes.

Begins the digestion of proteins.

Kills many harmful bacteria present in food.

Slowly releases partially digested food into the small intestine.

Main parts of the stomach

Cardia – where the esophagus joins the stomach.

Fundus – the upper rounded part.

Body – the main central portion.

Antrum – the lower part that grinds food.

Pylorus – the outlet connecting to the small intestine.

Common stomach disorders

Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)

Peptic ulcer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Stomach infections

Stomach cancer (rare)

Common symptoms of stomach problems

Abdominal pain

Heartburn

Nausea and vomiting

Bloating

Indigestion

Loss of appetite

In Sinhala

Stomach = ආමාශය

The stomach plays a vital role in digestion by storing food, mixing it with acid and digestive enzymes, and preparing it for absorption in the small intestine.